Uranus

Ice giant · The tilted ice giant · William Herschel, 1781 — the first planet found with a telescope

An icy world of water, methane and ammonia, Uranus is tipped almost completely on its side, so it appears to roll along its orbit.

Texture: Solar System Scope (CC BY 4.0)

Key facts

Distance from Sun 19.19AU 2.87 billion km
Radius 25,362km 4.0× Earth
Mean temperature −195°C coldest planetary atmosphere

Time & motion

A day (one spin) 17.2 hours (retrograde) Uranus spins on its side, tipped about 98°.
A year (one orbit) 84 Earth years It has completed only a couple of orbits since its 1781 discovery.
Surface gravity vs Earth
8.7 m/s² 0.89 g
0Earth = 1 g2.5×

Mass & physical characteristics

Mass 8.68 × 10²⁵kg 14.5× Earth
Density 1.27g/cm³ Water = 1.0 g/cm³
Escape velocity 21.3km/s Speed to break free
Orbital velocity 6.8km/s Speed around the Sun
Axial tilt 97.8° Tipped past 90° — Uranus rolls along its orbit on its side.

Atmosphere & magnetosphere

Atmosphere

About 83% hydrogen, 15% helium and 2% methane. Methane absorbs red light, giving Uranus its pale cyan colour.

Magnetic field

A lopsided field, tilted 59° from the axis and offset from the planet's centre.

Moons & rings

Known moons 29 29 confirmed moons, named after literary characters.
Notable moons
TitaniaOberonUmbrielArielMiranda

Rings

Thirteen narrow, dark rings of rocky and icy debris — faint and hard to see.

Make-up

Composition

Water, methane and ammonia ices over a small rocky core; methane tints it blue-green.

Notable features

  • Miranda — a moon of chasms and cliffs more than 10 km high.

Fun facts

  • Uranus's extreme tilt gives each pole roughly 42 years of continuous sunlight, then 42 of darkness.
  • It rotates almost on its side, as if rolling along its orbit.
  • Uranus was the first planet discovered with a telescope, by William Herschel in 1781.
  • Methane in its air absorbs red light, giving the planet its cyan colour.
  • Its magnetic field is tilted 59° from its axis and offset from the planet's centre.

Exploration

Voyager 2 1986 The only spacecraft to visit — found 10 new moons.
James Webb Telescope 2023– Imaged its rings and auroras from afar.